③Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa bulletproof ceramic zvinhu
Kubva muzana ramakore rechi21, zviumbwa zvesimbi zvisingapindi bara zvakakurumidza kugadzirwa, uye kune marudzi mazhinji, anosanganisira alumina, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride, titanium boride, nezvimwewo, pakati payo alumina ceramics (Al₂O₃), silicon carbide ceramics (SiC), boron carbide ceramics (B4C) ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.
Alumina ceramics ine yakanyanya density, asi kuoma kwacho kwakadzikira, chikumbaridzo chekugadzirisa chakaderera, mutengo wakaderera, zvinoenderana nekuchena wakakamurwa kuita 85/90/95/99 alumina ceramics, iyo inowirirana kuoma uye mutengo zvakare yakawedzera. mukudzosa.
| Zvishandiso | Density /(kg*m²) | Elastic modulus / (GN*m²) | HV | Yakaenzana nemutengo wealuminium |
| Boron carbide | 2500 | 400 | 30000 | X 10 |
| Aluminium oxide | 3800 | 340 | 15000 | 1 |
| Titanium diboride | 4500 | 570 | 33000 | X10 |
| Silicon carbide | 3200 | 370 | 27000 | X5 |
| Oxidation plating | 2800 | 415 | 12000 | X10 |
| BC/SiC | 2600 | 340 | 27500 | X7 |
| Girazi ceramics | 2500 | 100 | 6000 | 1 |
| Silicon nitride | 3200 | 310 | 17000 | X5 |
Kuenzanisa kwezvivakwa zveakasiyana bulletproof ceramics
Silicon carbide ceramic density yakadzikira, kuoma kwakanyanya, inodhura-inoshanda zvimiro zveceramics, saka zvakare ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa bulletproof ceramics muChina.
Boron carbide ceramics ine yakaderera density uye yakanyanya kuoma pakati pemakeramiki aya, asi panguva imwe chete, izvo zvavanoda zvekugadzira tekinoroji zvakare zvakakwirira kwazvo, zvinoda kupisa kwakanyanya uye kudzvanywa kwemhepo, saka mutengo ndiwo zvakare wepamusoro pakati peaya matatu makeramiki.
Zvichienzaniswa neaya matatu akajairika bulletproof ceramic zvinhu, alumina bulletproof ceramics ane mutengo wakaderera, asi kuita kwebulletproof ishoma pane silicon carbide uye boron carbide, saka ikozvino magadzirirwo edzimba ekugadzirwa kwebulletproof ceramics musilicon carbide uye boron carbide bulletproof, ukuwo. alumina ceramics haiwanzo.Nekudaro, imwe chete crystal alumina inogona kushandiswa kugadzira akajeka maceramics, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinhu zvakajeka zvine mabasa akareruka, uye anoshandiswa mumidziyo yemauto senge musoja bulletproof masks, missile yekuona Windows, mota yekuona Windows, uye submarine periscopes.
④Zviviri zveanonyanya kufarirwa bulletproof ceramic zvinhu
Silicon carbide bulletproof ceramics
Iyo silicon carbide covalent bond yakasimba kwazvo uye ichine simba rakawanda rekubatana pakupisa kwakanyanya.Ichi chimiro chechimiro chinopa silicon carbide ceramics simba rakanakisa, kuomarara kwakanyanya, kupfeka kuramba, corrosion resistance, high thermal conductivity, yakanaka yekupisa kuvhunduka uye zvimwe zvinhu.Panguva imwecheteyo, silicon carbide ceramic mutengo ine mwero, inodhura-inoshanda, ndeimwe yeanonyanya kuvimbisa-yepamusoro-inoshanda ekudzivirira zvombo.
Silicon carbide ceramics ine nzvimbo yakafara yekusimudzira mumunda wekudzivirira kwezvombo, uye mashandisiro avo mumunda wemidziyo yega uye mota dzakakosha dzinowanzove dzakasiyana.Kana ichishandiswa sechidziviriro chezvombo zvekudzivirira, tichifunga nezve mutengo uye yakakosha zviitiko zvekushandisa uye zvimwe zvinhu, inowanzova diki hurongwa hweceramic mapaneru uye composite backplane yakasungirirwa muceramic composite target plate, kukunda kutadza kweceramics nekuda kwekunetsekana, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti projectile inopinda inongopwanya chidimbu chimwe chete pasina kukuvadza nhumbi dzese dzekuzvidzivirira.
Boron carbide bulletproof ceramics
Boron carbide ndiko kuoma kwezvinhu zvinozivikanwa mushure medhaimani uye cubic boron nitride superhard material, kuomarara kunosvika 3000kg/mm²;Density yakaderera, chete 2.52g/cm³, inova 1/3 yesimbi;Yakakwira elastic modulus, 450GPa;High melting point, inenge 2447 ℃;Thermal kuwedzera coefficient yakaderera uye thermal conductivity yakakwirira.Pamusoro pezvo, boron carbide ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekemikari, asidhi uye alkali corrosion resistance, pakamuri tembiricha haisanganisi neacid uye base uye yakawanda inorganic compound zvinwiwa, chete muhydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid yakasanganiswa mvura inononoka kupera. ;Uye simbi zhinji dzakanyungudutswa hadzina kunyorova, hadziite.Boron carbide inewo kugona kwakanaka kwekutora neutron, iyo isingawanikwe mune zvimwe zvinhu zveceramic.B4C ine yakaderera density yeakawanda anowanzo shandiswa ezvombo ceramics, akasanganiswa neakakwira modulus yekunyungudika, zvichiita kuti ive sarudzo yakanaka yezvigadzirwa muzvombo zvehondo uye nzvimbo minda.Dambudziko guru reB4C nderekuti inodhura (inenge ka10 iyo yealumina) uye brittle, iyo inodzikamisa kushandiswa kwayo kwakakura sechinhu chimwe-chikamu chekudzivirira.
⑤Kugadzirira nzira yebulletproof ceramics.
| Kugadzirira teknolojia | Maitiro maitiro | |
| Advantage | ||
| Hot press sintering | Nekupisa kwakadzika sintering uye pfupi sintering nguva, ceramics ine zviyo zvakatsetseka uye yakakwirira yehukama density uye yakanaka michina zvivakwa zvinogona kuwanikwa. | |
| Superhigh pressure sintering | Kuwana nekukurumidza, yakaderera tembiricha sintering, densification mwero wakawedzera. | |
| Kupisa isostatic kudzvanya sintering | Ceramics ine kukwirira kwekuita uye chimiro chakaoma chinogona kugadzirirwa nekudzika sintering tembiricha, pfupi rapping nguva uye yunifomu shrinkage yemuviri wakashata. | |
| Microwave sintering | Rapid densification, zero gradient yunifomu kudziyisa, kunatsiridza chimiro chemidziyo, kunatsiridza kuita kwezvinhu, kunyatsoshanda uye kuchengetedza simba. | |
| Kubvisa plasma sintering | Nguva yekupisa ipfupi, tembiricha yekupisa yakadzikira, kuita kweceramic kwakanaka, uye kuwanda kwesimba repamusoro sintering gradient zvinhu zvakakwira. | |
| Plasma beam yekunyungudutsa nzira | Iyo poda yakasvibiswa yakanyungudutswa zvizere, haina kuganhurirwa nehukuru hwehupfu, haidi yakaderera yekunyungudika inoyerera, uye chigadzirwa chine dense chimiro. | |
| Reaction sintering | Pedyo net net size yekugadzira tekinoroji, yakapusa maitiro, yakaderera mutengo, inogona kugadzirira yakakura saizi, yakaoma chimiro zvikamu. | |
| Pressureless sintering | Chigadzirwa chacho chine yakanakisa tembiricha yekuita, yakapusa sintering maitiro uye yakaderera mutengo.Kune dzakawanda dzakakodzera nzira dzekugadzira, dzinogona kushandiswa kune dzakaoma uye dzakakora zvikamu zvakakura, uye zvakare dzakakodzera hukuru-hukuru kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri. | |
| Liquid phase sintering | Low sintering tembiricha, low porosity, fine grain, high density, high simba | |
| Kugadzirira teknolojia | Maitiro maitiro | |
| Disdvantage | ||
| Hot press sintering | Maitiro acho akanyanya kuomarara, zvinhu zvekuumba uye zvinodiwa zvemidziyo zvakakwira, kugona kwekugadzira kwakadzikira, mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira, uye chimiro chinogona kungogadzirirwa nezvigadzirwa zviri nyore. | |
| Superhigh pressure sintering | Inogona chete kugadzirira zvigadzirwa zvine maumbirwo akareruka, kugadzirwa kwakaderera, kudyara kwemidziyo yakakwira, mamiriro ekuita sintering, uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya kwesimba.Parizvino, ingori mudanho rekutsvaga | |
| Kupisa isostatic kudzvanya sintering | Mutengo wemidziyo wakakwira, uye saizi yeworkpiece inofanirwa kugadziriswa ishoma | |
| Microwave sintering | Theoretical tekinoroji inoda kuvandudzwa, michina iri kushomeka, uye haina kushandiswa zvakanyanya | |
| Kubvisa plasma sintering | Dzidziso huru inoda kuvandudzwa, maitirwo acho akaoma kunzwisisa, uye mutengo wacho wakakwirisa, uwo usina kuitwa maindasitiri. | |
| Plasma beam yekunyungudutsa nzira | Zvinodiwa zvemidziyo yepamusoro hazvina kuwanikwa kuti zvishandiswe zvakapararira. | |
| Reaction sintering | Residual silicon inoderedza yakanyanya-tembiricha michina zvivakwa, corrosion resistance, uye oxidation kuramba kwezvinhu. | |
| Pressureless sintering | Sintering tembiricha yakakwira, pane imwe porosity, simba racho rakaderera, uye pane 15% vhoriyamu shrinkage. | |
| Liquid phase sintering | Inowanzoita deformation, yakakura shrinkage uye yakaoma kudzora dimensional kurongeka | |
| Ceramic |
| AL2O3 .B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| AL2O3 .B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| AL2O3 .B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 |
| B4 C .SiC |
| AL2O3 .B4 C .SiC |
| .SiC |
Bulletproof ceramics kusimudzira
Kunyangwe iyo bulletproof mukana wesilicon carbide uye boron carbide yakakura kwazvo, dambudziko rekuputsika kuomarara uye kushata kwakashata kwe-single-phase ceramics haigone kufuratirwa.Kuvandudzwa kwesainzi yemazuva ano uye tekinoroji kwakaisa pamberi zvinodiwa zvekushanda uye hupfumi hwebulletproof ceramics: multi-function, high performance, lightweight, low cost uye kuchengeteka.Naizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, nyanzvi nenyanzvi dzinotarisira kuwana kusimbaradzwa, kureruka uye hupfumi hwekeramics kuburikidza ne micro-adjustment, kusanganisira multi-component ceramic system composite, inoshanda gradient ceramics, layered dhizaini, nezvimwewo, uye nhumbi dzakadaro dzakareruka mukati. uremu kana uchienzaniswa nenhumbi dzanhasi dzehondo, uye zvirinani kunatsiridza mashandiro enharembozha yemauto ekurwa.
Inoshanda giredhi ceramics anoratidza anogara achichinja mune zvenyama zvivakwa kuburikidza ne microcosmic dhizaini.Semuyenzaniso, titanium boride uye titanium simbi nealuminium oxide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, silicon nitride uye simbi aluminium uye mamwe simbi/ceramic composite masisitimu, kuita kweiyo gradient shanduko pamwe nenzvimbo yakakora, ndiko kuti, kugadzirira kwekuoma kwakanyanya. shanduko kune yakakwirira kuomarara bulletproof ceramics.
Nanometer multiphase ceramics inoumbwa ne submicron kana nanometer dispersion particles akawedzerwa kune matrix ceramics.Zvakadai seSiC-Si3N4-Al2O3, B4C-SiC, nezvimwewo, kuoma, kuomarara uye kusimba kwemakeramiki kune kumwe kuvandudzwa.Zvinoshumwa kuti nyika dzokuMadokero dziri kudzidza sintering ye nano-scale poda kugadzirira maceramics ane saizi yezviyo zvemakumi emamita kuti awane simba rezvinhu uye kuoma, uye simbi inodzivirira bullet inotarisirwa kuwana kubudirira kukuru munyaya iyi.
Sum up
Kunyangwe iri imwe-phase ceramics kana multi-phase ceramics, yakanakisa bulletproof ceramic zvinhu kana zvisingaparadzaniswe kubva kusilicon carbide, boron carbide zvinhu zviviri izvi.Kunyanya kune zvigadzirwa zveboron carbide, nekuvandudzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekuita sintering, iyo yakanakisa zvimiro zveboron carbide ceramics iri kuramba ichizivikanwa, uye mashandisiro avo mumunda webulletproof achawedzerwa kuvandudzwa.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-14-2023